DEEP LEARNING AS A PATHWAY TO PEDAGOGICAL TRANSFORMATION IN INDONESIA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24832/jpkp.v18i1.1229Keywords:
deep learning, critical thinking, pedagogical innovation, student engagement, education policyAbstract
This study examines the implementation of deep learning in Indonesia’s education system and evaluates its effectiveness in fostering students’ critical thinking, problem-solving, creativity, and selfreflection. The central argument highlights the need for a pedagogical shift from rote memorization to understanding and application to achieve meaningful educational outcomes. Using a qualitative literature review and thematic analysis, the study identifies patterns, impacts, and challenges specific to Indonesia. Findings reveal that although deep learning strategies are emerging, traditional methods prevail. Key factors for successful implementation include institutional readiness, teacher training, and supportive policies. Major barriers are limited teacher competence, insufficient technological infrastructure, and assessments that emphasize memorization. The study concludes that integrating mindful, meaningful, and joyful learning is crucial for student engagement. Policy reforms, improved technological access, and strengthened teacher professional development are recommended to establish innovative, student-centered learning environments that enhance education quality in Indonesia.
References
Adams, N. E. (2015). Bloom’s taxonomy of cognitive learning objectives. Journal of the Medical Library Association, 103(3), 152. https://doi.org/10.3163/1536-5050.103.3.010
Amaefule, C. O., Breitwieser, J., Biedermann, D., Nobbe, L., Drachsler, H., & Brod, G. (2023). Fostering children’s acceptance of educational apps: The importance of designing enjoyable learning activities. British Journal of Educational Technology, 54(5). https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.13314
Berikkhanova, A. (2022). Collaborative learning environment in the professional training of future teachers. Education and Self Development, 17(2). https://doi.org/10.26907/esd.17.2.13
Bloom, B. S., & Krathwohl, D. R. (1956). Taxonomy of educational objectives: The classification of educational goals. In Handbook I: Cognitive Domain.
Boell, S. K., & Cecez-Kecmanovic, D. (2015). On being “systematic” in literature reviews in IS. Journal of Information Technology, 30(2). https://doi.org/10.1057/jit.2014.26
Bozkurt, A. (2023). Generative artificial intelligence (AI) powered conversational educational agents: The inevitable paradigm shift. Asian Journal of Distance Education, 18(1). https://asianjde.com/ ojs/index.php/AsianJDE/article/view/718
Bryce, T. G. K., & Blown, E. J. (2024). Ausubel’s meaningful learning re-visited. Current Psychology, 43(5). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-023-04440-4
Chen, X., Xie, H., Zou, D., & Hwang, G. J. (2020). Application and theory gaps during the rise of Artificial Intelligence in Education. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 1. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.caeai.2020.100002
Chen, Z. (2022). Deep learning algorithm for online college physical education teaching with flipping classroom. Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience, 2022. https://doi. org/10.1155/2022/8742661
Chénier, R., Sagram, M., Omari, K., & Jirovec, A. (2020). Earth observation and artificial intelligence for improving safety to navigation in Canada low-impact shipping corridors. ISPRS International
Journal of Geo-Information, 9(6). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9060383
Febrianty, Ambarita, J., & Sentanu, I. G. E. P. S. (2024). Digital transformation for inclusive education in rural Indonesia: Realizing equity and Sdgs. Migration Letters, 21, 961–981. https://migrationletters. com/index.php/ml/article/view/6879 Atkinson, D. P., & Barker, D. R. (2023). AI and the social construction of creativity. Convergence, 29(4). https://doi.org/10.1177/13548565231187730
National Research Council. (2012). A Framework for K-12 science education: Practices, crosscutting concepts, and core ideas. The National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/13165
Diraco, G., Rescio, G., Siciliano, P., & Leone, A. (2023). Review on human action recognition in smart living: Sensing technology, multimodality, real-time processing, interoperability, and resourceconstrained processing. Sensors, 23(11), 5281. https://doi.org/10.3390/s23115281
Fullan, M., & Langworthy, M. (2014). A rich seam: How new pedagogies find deep learning authors. Technical Report. Pearson. https://michaelfullan.ca/a-rich-seam-how-new-pedagogies-finddeep-learning/
Ambarita, J., Simanullang, P. S. (2023). Implementasi pembelajaran berdiferensiasi. Penerbit Adab.
Jiang, R. (2022). Understanding, investigating, and promoting deep learning in language education: A survey on Chinese college students’ deep learning in the online EFL teaching context. Frontiers in Psychology, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.955565
Kilag, O. K. T., Miñoza, J. R., Comighud, E. S., Amontos, C. A., Damos, M. C., & Abendan, C. F. K. (2024). Empowering teachers: Integrating technology into livelihood education for a digital future. International Multidisciplinary Journal of Research for Innovation, Sustainability, and Excellence (IMJRISE), 1(5), 65–71. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11117540 Knoop, H. H. (2020). Mihaly csikszentmihalyi. In The Wiley Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences, Personality Processes and Individuals Differences (eds B.J. Carducci, C.S. Nave, A. Fabio, D.H. Saklofske and C. Stough). https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119547174.ch258
Knoop, H.H. (2020). Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi. In B.J. Carducci, C.S. Nave, A. Fabio, D.H. Saklofske & C. Stough (Eds). The Wiley Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences. John Wiley & Sons Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119547174.ch258
Lin, Y. T. (2020). The interrelationship among psychological capital, mindful learning, and English learning engagement of university students in Taiwan. SAGE Open, 10(1). https://doi. org/10.1177/2158244020901603
Marton, F., & Säljö, R. (1976). On qualitative differences in learning: I—Outcome and process. British journal of educational psychology, 46(1), 4-11. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8279.1976. tb02980.x
Biro Komunikasi dan Hubungan Masyarakat. (2025, February 17). Mendikdasmen tekankan peran deep learning dalam meningkatkan kualitas pendidikan Indonesia [Press Release]. Kementerian Pendidikan Dasar dan Menengah. https://kemendikdasmen.go.id/siaran-pers/11860mendikdasmen-tekankan-peran-deep-learning-dalam-meningkatkan
Mielikäinen, M., Viippola, E., & Tepsa, T. (2024). Experiences of a project-based blended learning approach in a community of inquiry from information and communication technology engineering students at Lapland university of applied sciences in Finland. E-Learning and Digital Media, 21(5). https://doi.org/10.1177/20427530231164053
Jena, M. K. & Barad, S. (2024). Professional development of secondary school teachers: Adapting to 21st century educational paradigms. International Journal of Scientific Research in Modern Science and Technology, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.59828/ijsrmst.v3i1.172
Mooduto, Y. S., & Musa, A. V. (2021). Improving student learning outcomes using the class IV joyful learning method in elementary school. Journal of Asian Multicultural Research for Educational Study, 2(2). https://doi.org/10.47616/jamres.v2i2.194
Ubay, U., Wijaya, M., & Widad, N. (2021). Teacher’s Strategy In Building Language Awareness Through Joyful Learning. Al-Tanzim: Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan Islam, 5(3), 235-247. https://doi. org/10.33650/al-tanzim.v5i3.3224
OECD. (2019), PISA 2018 results (Volume I): What students know and can do. OECD Publishing. https:// doi.org/10.1787/5f07c754-en
Pan, H. L. W., & Chen, W. Y. (2023). Networked learning communities in promoting teachers’ receptivity to change: How professional learning beliefs and behaviors mediate. Sustainability, 15(3), 2396. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15032396
Pan, Q., Zhou, J., Yang, D., Shi, D., Wang, D., Chen, X., & Liu, J. (2023). Mapping knowledge domain analysis in deep learning research of global education. Sustainability (Switzerland), 15(4), 3097.
https://doi.org/10.3390/su15043097
Pandya, J. (2019, January 28). The geopolitics of artificial intelligence. Forbes. https://www.forbes. com/sites/cognitiveworld/2019/01/28/the-geopolitics-of-artificial-intelligence/
Partnership for 21st Century Learning. (2019). Framework for 21st century learning. Partnership for 21st Century Learning.
Polman, J., Hornstra, L., & Volman, M. (2021). The meaning of meaningful learning in mathematics in upper-primary education. Learning Environments Research, 24(3). https://doi.org/10.1007/ s10984-020-09337-8
Purwaningsih, D. I., Nurdiana, R., Asmah, S. N., & Kurniawati, D. (2021). Pengaplikasian “joyful learning” pada pembelajaran Matematika. Kapuas, 1(2). https://doi.org/10.31573/jk.v1i2.344
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist, 55(1). https://doi.org/10.1037/0003066X.55.1.68
Salmi, H. S., Thuneberg, H., & Bogner, F. X. (2023). Is there deep learning on Mars? STEAM education in an inquiry-based out-of-school setting. Interactive Learning Environments, 31(2). https://doi.org/
10.1080/10494820.2020.1823856
Shi, J. (2022). Deep learning for college English education evaluation. Mobile Information Systems, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/3558558
Sims, L., Inwood, H., Elliott, P., & Gerofsky, S. (2021). Innovative praxis for environmental learning in Canadian faculties of education. Australian Journal of Environmental Education, 37(3). https://doi. org/10.1017/aee.2021.2
Sounoglou, M. (2023). Greek, Finnish and Danish curricula and their relation to the labor market: a critical approach. Journal for Critical Education Policy Studies, 21(3).
Streicher, A., & Bauer, K. (2024). Cognitive user modeling for adaptivity in serious games. Intelligent Human Systems Integration (IHSI 2024): Integrating People and Intelligent Systems, 119. https:// doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1004472
Sykes, J. A. (2024). Ellen Langer—Mindful Learning. In Brain Friendly School Libraries. https://doi. org/10.5040/9798400621048.ch-002
Thomas, J., W. (2000). A review of research on project-based learning. http://www.bobpearlman.org/ BestPractices/PBL_Research.pdf
Tranfield, D., Denyer, D., & Smart, P. (2003). Towards a methodology for developing evidence-informed management knowledge by means of systematic review. British Journal of Management, 14(3), 207-222. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8551.00375
Van den Beemt, A., Groothuijsen, S., Ozkan, L., & Hendrix, W. (2023). Remote labs in higher engineering education: engaging students with active learning pedagogy. Journal of Computing in Higher
Education, 35(2). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12528-022-09331-4
Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind in Society: Development of Higher Psychological Processes (M. Cole, V. JolmSteiner, S. Scribner, & E. Souberman, Eds.). Harvard University Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/j. ctvjf9vz4
Wang, Q., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Y., & Chen, T. (2023). The impact of mindful learning on subjective and psychological well-being in postgraduate students. Behavioral Sciences, 13(12). https://doi. org/10.3390/bs13121009
Warburton, K. (2003). Deep learning and education for sustainability. International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.1108/14676370310455332
Weng, C., Chen, C., & Ai, X. (2023). A pedagogical study on promoting students’ deep learning through design-based learning. International Journal of Technology and Design Education, 33(4). https:// doi.org/10.1007/s10798-022-09789-4
Widayanti, F. D. (2020). Manajemen pengelolaan kelas melalui joyful learning. Jurnal Likhitaprajna, 16(2), 98-104.Wong, D. (2022). Active learning in osteopathic education: Evaluation of think-pairshare in an undergraduate pathology unit. International Journal of Osteopathic Medicine, 43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijosm.2021.12.001
Wu, X. Y. (2024). Exploring the effects of digital technology on deep learning: a meta-analysis. Education and Information Technologies, 29(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-023-12307-1
Xiao, Y. & Watson, M. (2019). Guidance on Conducting a Systematic Literature Review. In Journal of Planning Education and Research, 39(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/0739456X17723971 (Original work published 2019).
Yakman, G., & Lee, H. (2012). Exploring the Exemplary STEAM Education in the U.S. as a Practical Educational Framework for Korea. Journal of The Korean Association for Science Education, 32(6). https://doi.org/10.14697/jkase.2012.32.6.1072
Zaka, P. (2023). Meaningful learning with technology. Journal of Open, Flexible and Distance Learning,
16(2). https://doi.org/10.61468/jofdl.v16i2.190
Zawacki-Richter, O., Marín, V. I., Bond, M., & Gouverneur, F. (2019). Systematic review of research on artificial intelligence applications in higher education – where are the educators? International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 16(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239019-0171-0
Zeidan, F., Johnson, S. K., Diamond, B. J., David, Z., & Goolkasian, P. (2010). Mindfulness meditation improves cognition: Evidence of brief mental training. Consciousness and Cognition, 19(2). https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2010.03.014
Zhang, X., & Cao, Z. (2021). A framework of an intelligent education system for higher education based on deep learning. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning, 16(7). https://doi. org/10.3991/ijet.v16i07.22123
Zhang, Y., Tang, F., Dong, W., Huang, H., Ma, C., Lee, T. Y., & Xu, C. (2023). A unified arbitrary style transfer framework via adaptive contrastive learning. ACM Transactions on Graphics, 42(5).
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Jurnal Penelitian Kebijakan Pendidikan
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Copyright Notice
All articles submitted by the author and published in the Jurnal Penelitaian Kebijakan Pendidikan are fully copyrighted by the publication of Jurnal Penelitaian Kebijakan Pendidikan under Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) by technically filling out the copyright transfer agreement and sending it to the publisher
Note :
The author can include in separate contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of rich versions of journal publications (for example: posting them to an institutional repository or publishing them in a book), with the acknowledgment of their initial publication in this journal.
Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (for example: in an institutional repository or on their website) before and during the submission process because it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and more powerful citations of published works. (See Open Access Effects).
